PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.